Super-Elevation in Highways and Building Ramp

 Super-Elevation in Highways 

Super-Elevation in Highways 

If you ever drive on a curved road, you will notice that the crossroads are larger than the rest of the road, Cross-operative for curves commonly known as elevation and used to prevent the effects of concentrated energy and to stabilize moving vehicles. Above the curved road. Driving over a curve with a small radius will create a large centrifugal force, which can be quite ambient. Pressurize a force and this may result in loss of control of the vehicle. The elevation is the change of road cross-section. This can be done by raising the level of the outer roadside, Transverse friction will work together to stabilize the vehicle traveling on the curved road. Elevation will allow safe movement of vehicles in higher ground, Speed ​​compared to curved roads without any distance. Higher calculations can be made using the following equation.

Superelevation=e+f=V^2/127R 

Where

e is the rate of superelevation

f is the lateral friction factor

V is the velocity of the vehicle m/s

R is the radius of the curve in m.

We can notice from the above equation that the higher the ratio for the curved radius. If the curve of the road increases, the utility will decrease. Increasing the radius will reduce the centrifugal force. On the other hand, proportional to the speed of design. There will be a need to speed up the design. Higher success in resisting centrifugal forces and stabilizing moving vehicles. Pavement cross-sections will be phased out to ensure the smooth movement of road users. We can see two types of roads in the picture below. Undivided And divided highways. On undivided highways, the rotation occurs at the center of the highway while on a split highway, the rotation occurs inward, The edge of the road Initially, the sidewalk cross-section is moved from a common crown to a flat crown. The next layer will be an inverted crown, where it exists, Half of the highway is reversed,  Eventually, the sidewalk was slowly rotated to the required attachment. Its transformation Road cross-operation will occur at both ends of the circular curve.

Super-Elevation

When a vehicle passes from a straight to a curved path or in other words when a vehicle negotiates a horizontal curve following two forces act on the vehicle:

Centrifugal Force

Weight of the Vehicle

Centrifugal Force

The centrifugal force is a function of the speed of the moving vehicle. It always acts at the center of gravity of the vehicle. Its direction always tends to outside, i.e., it always tends to push the vehicle out of the track. to counteract this tendency, the outer edge of the road is raised above the inner edge. 

This rise of the outer edge is called superelevation or cant or banking.